Chapter 3: Political and regulatory framework

Most of the regulatory requirements described below fit into the overarching framework of achieving climate neutrality at all levels or explicitly refer to this goal. The instruments differ in terms of their binding character. International agreements mainly affect transnational modes of transport such as aviation and shipping. The European Union sets the framework for the share of renewable energies and fuels in transport, the associated avoidance of greenhouse gases and their taxation, as well as regulations on fuel quality and the handling of chemical substances. National legislation refers frequently to the above-mentioned international agreements and European legislation and defines the binding regulatory framework. The figure shows an overview of the most important framework conditions for renewable energies in transport and their connections. In addition to the geographical reference level (vertical), there is also an arrangement according to transport modes (horizontal).