Chapter 7: Application
The 'Application' section provides an overview of topics that are relevant and of interest to the user. The definition of the various fuel types in terms of specifications such as fuel standards is addressed and a selection of fuel quality parameters is described in more detail. The section goes on to describe the safety requirements for handling the various energy sources, as well as the requirements for the refuelling infrastructure and the application in the vehicle itself.
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In the 27 EU Member States, renewable energy sources are mainly used in blends with fossil fuels to meet European climate targets in the transport sector. E5, E10, B7 and shares of HVO diesel, biomethane and renewable electricity are the standard blends. Some EU Member States also allow higher blends or pure renewable fuels (E85 and HVO diesel).
Blending of bioethanol with petrol and biodiesel with diesel is also dominant worldwide. In Brazil, bioethanol has established itself as the main fuel, alongside petrol, with blends ranging from 20 % to 27 % and up to 100 % depending on supply. Other countries with high blending mandates for bioethanol are Paraguay and Thailand. The USA uses E10, E15 or E85 regionally. Indonesia has the world's highest biodiesel blending mandate at B35.
The use of renewable fuels in aviation and maritime navigation is still limited.
The use of renewable energies requires changes in the way fuels are handled. Fuel quality requirements, safety aspects and infrastructure and vehicle requirements are described in this section, including a comparison of energy density and range for the various energy sources.
© DBFZ 2025, Quelle: Schröder, J.; Görsch, K.; Remmele, E.; Emberger, P.; Thuneke, K. (2025): Anwendung. Abbildung 7-1
Recommended citation for the chapter: Schröder, J.; Görsch, K.; Remmele, E.; Emberger, P.; Thuneke, K. (2025): Anwendung. In: Schröder, J.; Görsch, K. (Hrsg.) (2025). Erneuerbare Energien im Verkehr: Monitoringbericht. Leipzig: DBFZ. 205 S. ISBN: 978-3-949807-23-7. DOI: 10.48480/w11j-9w27 S. 113–131.